A malloc header is functionally a single type pointer, but
we need to use 8 here to ensure 8-byte alignment of allocations
on 32-bit platforms. It's wasteful, but a lot of code relies on
8-byte alignment for 8-byte atomics.
The minimum object size that has a malloc header, exclusive.
The size of this value controls overheads from the malloc header.
The minimum size is bound by writeHeapBitsSmall, which assumes that the
pointer bitmap for objects of a size smaller than this doesn't cross
more than one pointer-word boundary. This sets an upper-bound on this
value at the number of bits in a uintptr, multiplied by the pointer
size in bytes.
We choose a value here that has a natural cutover point in terms of memory
overheads. This value just happens to be the maximum possible value this
can be.
A span with heap bits in it will have 128 bytes of heap bits on 64-bit
platforms, and 256 bytes of heap bits on 32-bit platforms. The first size
class where malloc headers match this overhead for 64-bit platforms is
512 bytes (8 KiB / 512 bytes * 8 bytes-per-header = 128 bytes of overhead).
On 32-bit platforms, this same point is the 256 byte size class
(8 KiB / 256 bytes * 8 bytes-per-header = 256 bytes of overhead).
Guaranteed to be exactly at a size class boundary. The reason this value is
an exclusive minimum is subtle. Suppose we're allocating a 504-byte object
and its rounded up to 512 bytes for the size class. If minSizeForMallocHeader
is 512 and an inclusive minimum, then a comparison against minSizeForMallocHeader
by the two values would produce different results. In other words, the comparison
would not be invariant to size-class rounding. Eschewing this property means a
more complex check or possibly storing additional state to determine whether a
span has malloc headers.
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