Source File
	sin.go

Belonging Package
	math/cmplx

// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

package cmplx

import "math"

// The original C code, the long comment, and the constants
// below are from http://netlib.sandia.gov/cephes/c9x-complex/clog.c.
// The go code is a simplified version of the original C.
//
// Cephes Math Library Release 2.8:  June, 2000
// Copyright 1984, 1987, 1989, 1992, 2000 by Stephen L. Moshier
//
// The readme file at http://netlib.sandia.gov/cephes/ says:
//    Some software in this archive may be from the book _Methods and
// Programs for Mathematical Functions_ (Prentice-Hall or Simon & Schuster
// International, 1989) or from the Cephes Mathematical Library, a
// commercial product. In either event, it is copyrighted by the author.
// What you see here may be used freely but it comes with no support or
// guarantee.
//
//   The two known misprints in the book are repaired here in the
// source listings for the gamma function and the incomplete beta
// integral.
//
//   Stephen L. Moshier
//   moshier@na-net.ornl.gov

// Complex circular sine
//
// DESCRIPTION:
//
// If
//     z = x + iy,
//
// then
//
//     w = sin x  cosh y  +  i cos x sinh y.
//
// csin(z) = -i csinh(iz).
//
// ACCURACY:
//
//                      Relative error:
// arithmetic   domain     # trials      peak         rms
//    DEC       -10,+10      8400       5.3e-17     1.3e-17
//    IEEE      -10,+10     30000       3.8e-16     1.0e-16
// Also tested by csin(casin(z)) = z.

// Sin returns the sine of x.
func Sin(x complex128) complex128 {
	switch re, im := real(x), imag(x); {
	case im == 0 && (math.IsInf(re, 0) || math.IsNaN(re)):
		return complex(math.NaN(), im)
	case math.IsInf(im, 0):
		switch {
		case re == 0:
			return x
		case math.IsInf(re, 0) || math.IsNaN(re):
			return complex(math.NaN(), im)
		}
	case re == 0 && math.IsNaN(im):
		return x
	}
	s, c := math.Sincos(real(x))
	sh, ch := sinhcosh(imag(x))
	return complex(s*ch, c*sh)
}

// Complex hyperbolic sine
//
// DESCRIPTION:
//
// csinh z = (cexp(z) - cexp(-z))/2
//         = sinh x * cos y  +  i cosh x * sin y .
//
// ACCURACY:
//
//                      Relative error:
// arithmetic   domain     # trials      peak         rms
//    IEEE      -10,+10     30000       3.1e-16     8.2e-17

// Sinh returns the hyperbolic sine of x.
func Sinh(x complex128) complex128 {
	switch re, im := real(x), imag(x); {
	case re == 0 && (math.IsInf(im, 0) || math.IsNaN(im)):
		return complex(re, math.NaN())
	case math.IsInf(re, 0):
		switch {
		case im == 0:
			return complex(re, im)
		case math.IsInf(im, 0) || math.IsNaN(im):
			return complex(re, math.NaN())
		}
	case im == 0 && math.IsNaN(re):
		return complex(math.NaN(), im)
	}
	s, c := math.Sincos(imag(x))
	sh, ch := sinhcosh(real(x))
	return complex(c*sh, s*ch)
}

// Complex circular cosine
//
// DESCRIPTION:
//
// If
//     z = x + iy,
//
// then
//
//     w = cos x  cosh y  -  i sin x sinh y.
//
// ACCURACY:
//
//                      Relative error:
// arithmetic   domain     # trials      peak         rms
//    DEC       -10,+10      8400       4.5e-17     1.3e-17
//    IEEE      -10,+10     30000       3.8e-16     1.0e-16

// Cos returns the cosine of x.
func Cos(x complex128) complex128 {
	switch re, im := real(x), imag(x); {
	case im == 0 && (math.IsInf(re, 0) || math.IsNaN(re)):
		return complex(math.NaN(), -im*math.Copysign(0, re))
	case math.IsInf(im, 0):
		switch {
		case re == 0:
			return complex(math.Inf(1), -re*math.Copysign(0, im))
		case math.IsInf(re, 0) || math.IsNaN(re):
			return complex(math.Inf(1), math.NaN())
		}
	case re == 0 && math.IsNaN(im):
		return complex(math.NaN(), 0)
	}
	s, c := math.Sincos(real(x))
	sh, ch := sinhcosh(imag(x))
	return complex(c*ch, -s*sh)
}

// Complex hyperbolic cosine
//
// DESCRIPTION:
//
// ccosh(z) = cosh x  cos y + i sinh x sin y .
//
// ACCURACY:
//
//                      Relative error:
// arithmetic   domain     # trials      peak         rms
//    IEEE      -10,+10     30000       2.9e-16     8.1e-17

// Cosh returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.
func Cosh(x complex128) complex128 {
	switch re, im := real(x), imag(x); {
	case re == 0 && (math.IsInf(im, 0) || math.IsNaN(im)):
		return complex(math.NaN(), re*math.Copysign(0, im))
	case math.IsInf(re, 0):
		switch {
		case im == 0:
			return complex(math.Inf(1), im*math.Copysign(0, re))
		case math.IsInf(im, 0) || math.IsNaN(im):
			return complex(math.Inf(1), math.NaN())
		}
	case im == 0 && math.IsNaN(re):
		return complex(math.NaN(), im)
	}
	s, c := math.Sincos(imag(x))
	sh, ch := sinhcosh(real(x))
	return complex(c*ch, s*sh)
}

// calculate sinh and cosh.
func sinhcosh(x float64) (sh, ch float64) {
	if math.Abs(x) <= 0.5 {
		return math.Sinh(x), math.Cosh(x)
	}
	e := math.Exp(x)
	ei := 0.5 / e
	e *= 0.5
	return e - ei, e + ei
}

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