// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// Package printer implements printing of AST nodes.
package printer import ( ) const ( maxNewlines = 2 // max. number of newlines between source text debug = false // enable for debugging infinity = 1 << 30 ) type whiteSpace byte const ( ignore = whiteSpace(0) blank = whiteSpace(' ') vtab = whiteSpace('\v') newline = whiteSpace('\n') formfeed = whiteSpace('\f') indent = whiteSpace('>') unindent = whiteSpace('<') ) // A pmode value represents the current printer mode. type pmode int const ( noExtraBlank pmode = 1 << iota // disables extra blank after /*-style comment noExtraLinebreak // disables extra line break after /*-style comment ) type commentInfo struct { cindex int // current comment index comment *ast.CommentGroup // = printer.comments[cindex]; or nil commentOffset int // = printer.posFor(printer.comments[cindex].List[0].Pos()).Offset; or infinity commentNewline bool // true if the comment group contains newlines } type printer struct { // Configuration (does not change after initialization) Config fset *token.FileSet // Current state output []byte // raw printer result indent int // current indentation level int // level == 0: outside composite literal; level > 0: inside composite literal mode pmode // current printer mode endAlignment bool // if set, terminate alignment immediately impliedSemi bool // if set, a linebreak implies a semicolon lastTok token.Token // last token printed (token.ILLEGAL if it's whitespace) prevOpen token.Token // previous non-brace "open" token (, [, or token.ILLEGAL wsbuf []whiteSpace // delayed white space goBuild []int // start index of all //go:build comments in output plusBuild []int // start index of all // +build comments in output // Positions // The out position differs from the pos position when the result // formatting differs from the source formatting (in the amount of // white space). If there's a difference and SourcePos is set in // ConfigMode, //line directives are used in the output to restore // original source positions for a reader. pos token.Position // current position in AST (source) space out token.Position // current position in output space last token.Position // value of pos after calling writeString linePtr *int // if set, record out.Line for the next token in *linePtr sourcePosErr error // if non-nil, the first error emitting a //line directive // The list of all source comments, in order of appearance. comments []*ast.CommentGroup // may be nil useNodeComments bool // if not set, ignore lead and line comments of nodes // Information about p.comments[p.cindex]; set up by nextComment. commentInfo // Cache of already computed node sizes. nodeSizes map[ast.Node]int // Cache of most recently computed line position. cachedPos token.Pos cachedLine int // line corresponding to cachedPos } func ( *printer) ( ...any) { if debug { fmt.Print(.pos.String() + ": ") fmt.Println(...) panic("go/printer") } } // commentsHaveNewline reports whether a list of comments belonging to // an *ast.CommentGroup contains newlines. Because the position information // may only be partially correct, we also have to read the comment text. func ( *printer) ( []*ast.Comment) bool { // len(list) > 0 := .lineFor([0].Pos()) for , := range { if > 0 && .lineFor([].Pos()) != { // not all comments on the same line return true } if := .Text; len() >= 2 && ([1] == '/' || strings.Contains(, "\n")) { return true } } _ = return false } func ( *printer) () { for .cindex < len(.comments) { := .comments[.cindex] .cindex++ if := .List; len() > 0 { .comment = .commentOffset = .posFor([0].Pos()).Offset .commentNewline = .commentsHaveNewline() return } // we should not reach here (correct ASTs don't have empty // ast.CommentGroup nodes), but be conservative and try again } // no more comments .commentOffset = infinity } // commentBefore reports whether the current comment group occurs // before the next position in the source code and printing it does // not introduce implicit semicolons. func ( *printer) ( token.Position) bool { return .commentOffset < .Offset && (!.impliedSemi || !.commentNewline) } // commentSizeBefore returns the estimated size of the // comments on the same line before the next position. func ( *printer) ( token.Position) int { // save/restore current p.commentInfo (p.nextComment() modifies it) defer func( commentInfo) { .commentInfo = }(.commentInfo) := 0 for .commentBefore() { for , := range .comment.List { += len(.Text) } .nextComment() } return } // recordLine records the output line number for the next non-whitespace // token in *linePtr. It is used to compute an accurate line number for a // formatted construct, independent of pending (not yet emitted) whitespace // or comments. func ( *printer) ( *int) { .linePtr = } // linesFrom returns the number of output lines between the current // output line and the line argument, ignoring any pending (not yet // emitted) whitespace or comments. It is used to compute an accurate // size (in number of lines) for a formatted construct. func ( *printer) ( int) int { return .out.Line - } func ( *printer) ( token.Pos) token.Position { // not used frequently enough to cache entire token.Position return .fset.PositionFor(, false /* absolute position */) } func ( *printer) ( token.Pos) int { if != .cachedPos { .cachedPos = .cachedLine = .fset.PositionFor(, false /* absolute position */).Line } return .cachedLine } // writeLineDirective writes a //line directive if necessary. func ( *printer) ( token.Position) { if .IsValid() && (.out.Line != .Line || .out.Filename != .Filename) { if strings.ContainsAny(.Filename, "\r\n") { if .sourcePosErr == nil { .sourcePosErr = fmt.Errorf("go/printer: source filename contains unexpected newline character: %q", .Filename) } return } .output = append(.output, tabwriter.Escape) // protect '\n' in //line from tabwriter interpretation .output = append(.output, fmt.Sprintf("//line %s:%d\n", .Filename, .Line)...) .output = append(.output, tabwriter.Escape) // p.out must match the //line directive .out.Filename = .Filename .out.Line = .Line } } // writeIndent writes indentation. func ( *printer) () { // use "hard" htabs - indentation columns // must not be discarded by the tabwriter := .Config.Indent + .indent // include base indentation for := 0; < ; ++ { .output = append(.output, '\t') } // update positions .pos.Offset += .pos.Column += .out.Column += } // writeByte writes ch n times to p.output and updates p.pos. // Only used to write formatting (white space) characters. func ( *printer) ( byte, int) { if .endAlignment { // Ignore any alignment control character; // and at the end of the line, break with // a formfeed to indicate termination of // existing columns. switch { case '\t', '\v': = ' ' case '\n', '\f': = '\f' .endAlignment = false } } if .out.Column == 1 { // no need to write line directives before white space .writeIndent() } for := 0; < ; ++ { .output = append(.output, ) } // update positions .pos.Offset += if == '\n' || == '\f' { .pos.Line += .out.Line += .pos.Column = 1 .out.Column = 1 return } .pos.Column += .out.Column += } // writeString writes the string s to p.output and updates p.pos, p.out, // and p.last. If isLit is set, s is escaped w/ tabwriter.Escape characters // to protect s from being interpreted by the tabwriter. // // Note: writeString is only used to write Go tokens, literals, and // comments, all of which must be written literally. Thus, it is correct // to always set isLit = true. However, setting it explicitly only when // needed (i.e., when we don't know that s contains no tabs or line breaks) // avoids processing extra escape characters and reduces run time of the // printer benchmark by up to 10%. func ( *printer) ( token.Position, string, bool) { if .out.Column == 1 { if .Config.Mode&SourcePos != 0 { .writeLineDirective() } .writeIndent() } if .IsValid() { // update p.pos (if pos is invalid, continue with existing p.pos) // Note: Must do this after handling line beginnings because // writeIndent updates p.pos if there's indentation, but p.pos // is the position of s. .pos = } if { // Protect s such that is passes through the tabwriter // unchanged. Note that valid Go programs cannot contain // tabwriter.Escape bytes since they do not appear in legal // UTF-8 sequences. .output = append(.output, tabwriter.Escape) } if debug { .output = append(.output, fmt.Sprintf("/*%s*/", )...) // do not update p.pos! } .output = append(.output, ...) // update positions := 0 var int // index of last newline; valid if nlines > 0 for := 0; < len(); ++ { // Raw string literals may contain any character except back quote (`). if := []; == '\n' || == '\f' { // account for line break ++ = // A line break inside a literal will break whatever column // formatting is in place; ignore any further alignment through // the end of the line. .endAlignment = true } } .pos.Offset += len() if > 0 { .pos.Line += .out.Line += := len() - .pos.Column = .out.Column = } else { .pos.Column += len() .out.Column += len() } if { .output = append(.output, tabwriter.Escape) } .last = .pos } // writeCommentPrefix writes the whitespace before a comment. // If there is any pending whitespace, it consumes as much of // it as is likely to help position the comment nicely. // pos is the comment position, next the position of the item // after all pending comments, prev is the previous comment in // a group of comments (or nil), and tok is the next token. func ( *printer) (, token.Position, *ast.Comment, token.Token) { if len(.output) == 0 { // the comment is the first item to be printed - don't write any whitespace return } if .IsValid() && .Filename != .last.Filename { // comment in a different file - separate with newlines .writeByte('\f', maxNewlines) return } if .Line == .last.Line && ( == nil || .Text[1] != '/') { // comment on the same line as last item: // separate with at least one separator := false if == nil { // first comment of a comment group := 0 for , := range .wsbuf { switch { case blank: // ignore any blanks before a comment .wsbuf[] = ignore continue case vtab: // respect existing tabs - important // for proper formatting of commented structs = true continue case indent: // apply pending indentation continue } = break } .writeWhitespace() } // make sure there is at least one separator if ! { := byte('\t') if .Line == .Line { // next item is on the same line as the comment // (which must be a /*-style comment): separate // with a blank instead of a tab = ' ' } .writeByte(, 1) } } else { // comment on a different line: // separate with at least one line break := false := 0 for , := range .wsbuf { switch { case blank, vtab: // ignore any horizontal whitespace before line breaks .wsbuf[] = ignore continue case indent: // apply pending indentation continue case unindent: // if this is not the last unindent, apply it // as it is (likely) belonging to the last // construct (e.g., a multi-line expression list) // and is not part of closing a block if +1 < len(.wsbuf) && .wsbuf[+1] == unindent { continue } // if the next token is not a closing }, apply the unindent // if it appears that the comment is aligned with the // token; otherwise assume the unindent is part of a // closing block and stop (this scenario appears with // comments before a case label where the comments // apply to the next case instead of the current one) if != token.RBRACE && .Column == .Column { continue } case newline, formfeed: .wsbuf[] = ignore = == nil // record only if first comment of a group } = break } .writeWhitespace() // determine number of linebreaks before the comment := 0 if .IsValid() && .last.IsValid() { = .Line - .last.Line if < 0 { // should never happen = 0 } } // at the package scope level only (p.indent == 0), // add an extra newline if we dropped one before: // this preserves a blank line before documentation // comments at the package scope level (issue 2570) if .indent == 0 && { ++ } // make sure there is at least one line break // if the previous comment was a line comment if == 0 && != nil && .Text[1] == '/' { = 1 } if > 0 { // use formfeeds to break columns before a comment; // this is analogous to using formfeeds to separate // individual lines of /*-style comments .writeByte('\f', nlimit()) } } } // Returns true if s contains only white space // (only tabs and blanks can appear in the printer's context). func isBlank( string) bool { for := 0; < len(); ++ { if [] > ' ' { return false } } return true } // commonPrefix returns the common prefix of a and b. func commonPrefix(, string) string { := 0 for < len() && < len() && [] == [] && ([] <= ' ' || [] == '*') { ++ } return [0:] } // trimRight returns s with trailing whitespace removed. func trimRight( string) string { return strings.TrimRightFunc(, unicode.IsSpace) } // stripCommonPrefix removes a common prefix from /*-style comment lines (unless no // comment line is indented, all but the first line have some form of space prefix). // The prefix is computed using heuristics such that is likely that the comment // contents are nicely laid out after re-printing each line using the printer's // current indentation. func stripCommonPrefix( []string) { if len() <= 1 { return // at most one line - nothing to do } // len(lines) > 1 // The heuristic in this function tries to handle a few // common patterns of /*-style comments: Comments where // the opening /* and closing */ are aligned and the // rest of the comment text is aligned and indented with // blanks or tabs, cases with a vertical "line of stars" // on the left, and cases where the closing */ is on the // same line as the last comment text. // Compute maximum common white prefix of all but the first, // last, and blank lines, and replace blank lines with empty // lines (the first line starts with /* and has no prefix). // In cases where only the first and last lines are not blank, // such as two-line comments, or comments where all inner lines // are blank, consider the last line for the prefix computation // since otherwise the prefix would be empty. // // Note that the first and last line are never empty (they // contain the opening /* and closing */ respectively) and // thus they can be ignored by the blank line check. := "" := false if len() > 2 { for , := range [1 : len()-1] { if isBlank() { [1+] = "" // range starts with lines[1] } else { if ! { = = true } = commonPrefix(, ) } } } // If we don't have a prefix yet, consider the last line. if ! { := [len()-1] = commonPrefix(, ) } /* * Check for vertical "line of stars" and correct prefix accordingly. */ := false if , , := strings.Cut(, "*"); { // remove trailing blank from prefix so stars remain aligned = strings.TrimSuffix(, " ") = true } else { // No line of stars present. // Determine the white space on the first line after the /* // and before the beginning of the comment text, assume two // blanks instead of the /* unless the first character after // the /* is a tab. If the first comment line is empty but // for the opening /*, assume up to 3 blanks or a tab. This // whitespace may be found as suffix in the common prefix. := [0] if isBlank([2:]) { // no comment text on the first line: // reduce prefix by up to 3 blanks or a tab // if present - this keeps comment text indented // relative to the /* and */'s if it was indented // in the first place := len() for := 0; < 3 && > 0 && [-1] == ' '; ++ { -- } if == len() && > 0 && [-1] == '\t' { -- } = [0:] } else { // comment text on the first line := make([]byte, len()) := 2 // start after opening /* for < len() && [] <= ' ' { [] = [] ++ } if > 2 && [2] == '\t' { // assume the '\t' compensates for the /* = [2:] } else { // otherwise assume two blanks [0], [1] = ' ', ' ' = [0:] } // Shorten the computed common prefix by the length of // suffix, if it is found as suffix of the prefix. = strings.TrimSuffix(, string()) } } // Handle last line: If it only contains a closing */, align it // with the opening /*, otherwise align the text with the other // lines. := [len()-1] := "*/" , , := strings.Cut(, ) // closing always present if isBlank() { // last line only contains closing */ if { = " */" // add blank to align final star } [len()-1] = + } else { // last line contains more comment text - assume // it is aligned like the other lines and include // in prefix computation = commonPrefix(, ) } // Remove the common prefix from all but the first and empty lines. for , := range { if > 0 && != "" { [] = [len():] } } } func ( *printer) ( *ast.Comment) { := .Text := .posFor(.Pos()) const = "//line " if strings.HasPrefix(, ) && (!.IsValid() || .Column == 1) { // Possibly a //-style line directive. // Suspend indentation temporarily to keep line directive valid. defer func( int) { .indent = }(.indent) .indent = 0 } // shortcut common case of //-style comments if [1] == '/' { if constraint.IsGoBuild() { .goBuild = append(.goBuild, len(.output)) } else if constraint.IsPlusBuild() { .plusBuild = append(.plusBuild, len(.output)) } .writeString(, trimRight(), true) return } // for /*-style comments, print line by line and let the // write function take care of the proper indentation := strings.Split(, "\n") // The comment started in the first column but is going // to be indented. For an idempotent result, add indentation // to all lines such that they look like they were indented // before - this will make sure the common prefix computation // is the same independent of how many times formatting is // applied (was issue 1835). if .IsValid() && .Column == 1 && .indent > 0 { for , := range [1:] { [1+] = " " + } } stripCommonPrefix() // write comment lines, separated by formfeed, // without a line break after the last line for , := range { if > 0 { .writeByte('\f', 1) = .pos } if len() > 0 { .writeString(, trimRight(), true) } } } // writeCommentSuffix writes a line break after a comment if indicated // and processes any leftover indentation information. If a line break // is needed, the kind of break (newline vs formfeed) depends on the // pending whitespace. The writeCommentSuffix result indicates if a // newline was written or if a formfeed was dropped from the whitespace // buffer. func ( *printer) ( bool) (, bool) { for , := range .wsbuf { switch { case blank, vtab: // ignore trailing whitespace .wsbuf[] = ignore case indent, unindent: // don't lose indentation information case newline, formfeed: // if we need a line break, keep exactly one // but remember if we dropped any formfeeds if { = false = true } else { if == formfeed { = true } .wsbuf[] = ignore } } } .writeWhitespace(len(.wsbuf)) // make sure we have a line break if { .writeByte('\n', 1) = true } return } // containsLinebreak reports whether the whitespace buffer contains any line breaks. func ( *printer) () bool { for , := range .wsbuf { if == newline || == formfeed { return true } } return false } // intersperseComments consumes all comments that appear before the next token // tok and prints it together with the buffered whitespace (i.e., the whitespace // that needs to be written before the next token). A heuristic is used to mix // the comments and whitespace. The intersperseComments result indicates if a // newline was written or if a formfeed was dropped from the whitespace buffer. func ( *printer) ( token.Position, token.Token) (, bool) { var *ast.Comment for .commentBefore() { := .comment.List := false if .lastTok != token.IMPORT && // do not rewrite cgo's import "C" comments .posFor(.comment.Pos()).Column == 1 && .posFor(.comment.End()+1) == { // Unindented comment abutting next token position: // a top-level doc comment. = formatDocComment() = true if len(.comment.List) > 0 && len() == 0 { // The doc comment was removed entirely. // Keep preceding whitespace. .writeCommentPrefix(.posFor(.comment.Pos()), , , ) // Change print state to continue at next. .pos = .last = // There can't be any more comments. .nextComment() return .writeCommentSuffix(false) } } for , := range { .writeCommentPrefix(.posFor(.Pos()), , , ) .writeComment() = } // In case list was rewritten, change print state to where // the original list would have ended. if len(.comment.List) > 0 && { = .comment.List[len(.comment.List)-1] .pos = .posFor(.End()) .last = .pos } .nextComment() } if != nil { // If the last comment is a /*-style comment and the next item // follows on the same line but is not a comma, and not a "closing" // token immediately following its corresponding "opening" token, // add an extra separator unless explicitly disabled. Use a blank // as separator unless we have pending linebreaks, they are not // disabled, and we are outside a composite literal, in which case // we want a linebreak (issue 15137). // TODO(gri) This has become overly complicated. We should be able // to track whether we're inside an expression or statement and // use that information to decide more directly. := false if .mode&noExtraBlank == 0 && .Text[1] == '*' && .lineFor(.Pos()) == .Line && != token.COMMA && ( != token.RPAREN || .prevOpen == token.LPAREN) && ( != token.RBRACK || .prevOpen == token.LBRACK) { if .containsLinebreak() && .mode&noExtraLinebreak == 0 && .level == 0 { = true } else { .writeByte(' ', 1) } } // Ensure that there is a line break after a //-style comment, // before EOF, and before a closing '}' unless explicitly disabled. if .Text[1] == '/' || == token.EOF || == token.RBRACE && .mode&noExtraLinebreak == 0 { = true } return .writeCommentSuffix() } // no comment was written - we should never reach here since // intersperseComments should not be called in that case .internalError("intersperseComments called without pending comments") return } // writeWhitespace writes the first n whitespace entries. func ( *printer) ( int) { // write entries for := 0; < ; ++ { switch := .wsbuf[]; { case ignore: // ignore! case indent: .indent++ case unindent: .indent-- if .indent < 0 { .internalError("negative indentation:", .indent) .indent = 0 } case newline, formfeed: // A line break immediately followed by a "correcting" // unindent is swapped with the unindent - this permits // proper label positioning. If a comment is between // the line break and the label, the unindent is not // part of the comment whitespace prefix and the comment // will be positioned correctly indented. if +1 < && .wsbuf[+1] == unindent { // Use a formfeed to terminate the current section. // Otherwise, a long label name on the next line leading // to a wide column may increase the indentation column // of lines before the label; effectively leading to wrong // indentation. .wsbuf[], .wsbuf[+1] = unindent, formfeed -- // do it again continue } fallthrough default: .writeByte(byte(), 1) } } // shift remaining entries down := copy(.wsbuf, .wsbuf[:]) .wsbuf = .wsbuf[:] } // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Printing interface // nlimit limits n to maxNewlines. func nlimit( int) int { return min(, maxNewlines) } func mayCombine( token.Token, byte) ( bool) { switch { case token.INT: = == '.' // 1. case token.ADD: = == '+' // ++ case token.SUB: = == '-' // -- case token.QUO: = == '*' // /* case token.LSS: = == '-' || == '<' // <- or << case token.AND: = == '&' || == '^' // && or &^ } return } func ( *printer) ( token.Pos) { if .IsValid() { .pos = .posFor() // accurate position of next item } } // print prints a list of "items" (roughly corresponding to syntactic // tokens, but also including whitespace and formatting information). // It is the only print function that should be called directly from // any of the AST printing functions in nodes.go. // // Whitespace is accumulated until a non-whitespace token appears. Any // comments that need to appear before that token are printed first, // taking into account the amount and structure of any pending white- // space for best comment placement. Then, any leftover whitespace is // printed, followed by the actual token. func ( *printer) ( ...any) { for , := range { // information about the current arg var string var bool var bool // value for p.impliedSemi after this arg // record previous opening token, if any switch .lastTok { case token.ILLEGAL: // ignore (white space) case token.LPAREN, token.LBRACK: .prevOpen = .lastTok default: // other tokens followed any opening token .prevOpen = token.ILLEGAL } switch x := .(type) { case pmode: // toggle printer mode .mode ^= continue case whiteSpace: if == ignore { // don't add ignore's to the buffer; they // may screw up "correcting" unindents (see // LabeledStmt) continue } := len(.wsbuf) if == cap(.wsbuf) { // Whitespace sequences are very short so this should // never happen. Handle gracefully (but possibly with // bad comment placement) if it does happen. .writeWhitespace() = 0 } .wsbuf = .wsbuf[0 : +1] .wsbuf[] = if == newline || == formfeed { // newlines affect the current state (p.impliedSemi) // and not the state after printing arg (impliedSemi) // because comments can be interspersed before the arg // in this case .impliedSemi = false } .lastTok = token.ILLEGAL continue case *ast.Ident: = .Name = true .lastTok = token.IDENT case *ast.BasicLit: = .Value = true = true .lastTok = .Kind case token.Token: := .String() if mayCombine(.lastTok, [0]) { // the previous and the current token must be // separated by a blank otherwise they combine // into a different incorrect token sequence // (except for token.INT followed by a '.' this // should never happen because it is taken care // of via binary expression formatting) if len(.wsbuf) != 0 { .internalError("whitespace buffer not empty") } .wsbuf = .wsbuf[0:1] .wsbuf[0] = ' ' } = // some keywords followed by a newline imply a semicolon switch { case token.BREAK, token.CONTINUE, token.FALLTHROUGH, token.RETURN, token.INC, token.DEC, token.RPAREN, token.RBRACK, token.RBRACE: = true } .lastTok = case string: // incorrect AST - print error message = = true = true .lastTok = token.STRING default: fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "print: unsupported argument %v (%T)\n", , ) panic("go/printer type") } // data != "" := .pos // estimated/accurate position of next item , := .flush(, .lastTok) // intersperse extra newlines if present in the source and // if they don't cause extra semicolons (don't do this in // flush as it will cause extra newlines at the end of a file) if !.impliedSemi { := nlimit(.Line - .pos.Line) // don't exceed maxNewlines if we already wrote one if && == maxNewlines { = maxNewlines - 1 } if > 0 { := byte('\n') if { = '\f' // use formfeed since we dropped one before } .writeByte(, ) = false } } // the next token starts now - record its line number if requested if .linePtr != nil { *.linePtr = .out.Line .linePtr = nil } .writeString(, , ) .impliedSemi = } } // flush prints any pending comments and whitespace occurring textually // before the position of the next token tok. The flush result indicates // if a newline was written or if a formfeed was dropped from the whitespace // buffer. func ( *printer) ( token.Position, token.Token) (, bool) { if .commentBefore() { // if there are comments before the next item, intersperse them , = .intersperseComments(, ) } else { // otherwise, write any leftover whitespace .writeWhitespace(len(.wsbuf)) } return } // getDoc returns the ast.CommentGroup associated with n, if any. func getDoc( ast.Node) *ast.CommentGroup { switch n := .(type) { case *ast.Field: return .Doc case *ast.ImportSpec: return .Doc case *ast.ValueSpec: return .Doc case *ast.TypeSpec: return .Doc case *ast.GenDecl: return .Doc case *ast.FuncDecl: return .Doc case *ast.File: return .Doc } return nil } func getLastComment( ast.Node) *ast.CommentGroup { switch n := .(type) { case *ast.Field: return .Comment case *ast.ImportSpec: return .Comment case *ast.ValueSpec: return .Comment case *ast.TypeSpec: return .Comment case *ast.GenDecl: if len(.Specs) > 0 { return (.Specs[len(.Specs)-1]) } case *ast.File: if len(.Comments) > 0 { return .Comments[len(.Comments)-1] } } return nil } func ( *printer) ( any) error { // unpack *CommentedNode, if any var []*ast.CommentGroup if , := .(*CommentedNode); { = .Node = .Comments } if != nil { // commented node - restrict comment list to relevant range , := .(ast.Node) if ! { goto } := .Pos() := .End() // if the node has associated documentation, // include that commentgroup in the range // (the comment list is sorted in the order // of the comment appearance in the source code) if := getDoc(); != nil { = .Pos() } if := getLastComment(); != nil { if := .End(); > { = } } // token.Pos values are global offsets, we can // compare them directly := 0 for < len() && [].End() < { ++ } := for < len() && [].Pos() < { ++ } if < { .comments = [:] } } else if , := .(*ast.File); { // use ast.File comments, if any .comments = .Comments } // if there are no comments, use node comments .useNodeComments = .comments == nil // get comments ready for use .nextComment() .print(pmode(0)) // format node switch n := .(type) { case ast.Expr: .expr() case ast.Stmt: // A labeled statement will un-indent to position the label. // Set p.indent to 1 so we don't get indent "underflow". if , := .(*ast.LabeledStmt); { .indent = 1 } .stmt(, false) case ast.Decl: .decl() case ast.Spec: .spec(, 1, false) case []ast.Stmt: // A labeled statement will un-indent to position the label. // Set p.indent to 1 so we don't get indent "underflow". for , := range { if , := .(*ast.LabeledStmt); { .indent = 1 } } .stmtList(, 0, false) case []ast.Decl: .declList() case *ast.File: .file() default: goto } return .sourcePosErr : return fmt.Errorf("go/printer: unsupported node type %T", ) } // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Trimmer // A trimmer is an io.Writer filter for stripping tabwriter.Escape // characters, trailing blanks and tabs, and for converting formfeed // and vtab characters into newlines and htabs (in case no tabwriter // is used). Text bracketed by tabwriter.Escape characters is passed // through unchanged. type trimmer struct { output io.Writer state int space []byte } // trimmer is implemented as a state machine. // It can be in one of the following states: const ( inSpace = iota // inside space inEscape // inside text bracketed by tabwriter.Escapes inText // inside text ) func ( *trimmer) () { .state = inSpace .space = .space[0:0] } // Design note: It is tempting to eliminate extra blanks occurring in // whitespace in this function as it could simplify some // of the blanks logic in the node printing functions. // However, this would mess up any formatting done by // the tabwriter. var aNewline = []byte("\n") func ( *trimmer) ( []byte) ( int, error) { // invariants: // p.state == inSpace: // p.space is unwritten // p.state == inEscape, inText: // data[m:n] is unwritten := 0 var byte for , = range { if == '\v' { = '\t' // convert to htab } switch .state { case inSpace: switch { case '\t', ' ': .space = append(.space, ) case '\n', '\f': .resetSpace() // discard trailing space _, = .output.Write(aNewline) case tabwriter.Escape: _, = .output.Write(.space) .state = inEscape = + 1 // +1: skip tabwriter.Escape default: _, = .output.Write(.space) .state = inText = } case inEscape: if == tabwriter.Escape { _, = .output.Write([:]) .resetSpace() } case inText: switch { case '\t', ' ': _, = .output.Write([:]) .resetSpace() .space = append(.space, ) case '\n', '\f': _, = .output.Write([:]) .resetSpace() if == nil { _, = .output.Write(aNewline) } case tabwriter.Escape: _, = .output.Write([:]) .state = inEscape = + 1 // +1: skip tabwriter.Escape } default: panic("unreachable") } if != nil { return } } = len() switch .state { case inEscape, inText: _, = .output.Write([:]) .resetSpace() } return } // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Public interface // A Mode value is a set of flags (or 0). They control printing. type Mode uint const ( RawFormat Mode = 1 << iota // do not use a tabwriter; if set, UseSpaces is ignored TabIndent // use tabs for indentation independent of UseSpaces UseSpaces // use spaces instead of tabs for alignment SourcePos // emit //line directives to preserve original source positions ) // The mode below is not included in printer's public API because // editing code text is deemed out of scope. Because this mode is // unexported, it's also possible to modify or remove it based on // the evolving needs of go/format and cmd/gofmt without breaking // users. See discussion in CL 240683. const ( // normalizeNumbers means to canonicalize number // literal prefixes and exponents while printing. // // This value is known in and used by go/format and cmd/gofmt. // It is currently more convenient and performant for those // packages to apply number normalization during printing, // rather than by modifying the AST in advance. normalizeNumbers Mode = 1 << 30 ) // A Config node controls the output of Fprint. type Config struct { Mode Mode // default: 0 Tabwidth int // default: 8 Indent int // default: 0 (all code is indented at least by this much) } var printerPool = sync.Pool{ New: func() any { return &printer{ // Whitespace sequences are short. wsbuf: make([]whiteSpace, 0, 16), // We start the printer with a 16K output buffer, which is currently // larger than about 80% of Go files in the standard library. output: make([]byte, 0, 16<<10), } }, } func newPrinter( *Config, *token.FileSet, map[ast.Node]int) *printer { := printerPool.Get().(*printer) * = printer{ Config: *, fset: , pos: token.Position{Line: 1, Column: 1}, out: token.Position{Line: 1, Column: 1}, wsbuf: .wsbuf[:0], nodeSizes: , cachedPos: -1, output: .output[:0], } return } func ( *printer) () { // Hard limit on buffer size; see https://golang.org/issue/23199. if cap(.output) > 64<<10 { return } printerPool.Put() } // fprint implements Fprint and takes a nodesSizes map for setting up the printer state. func ( *Config) ( io.Writer, *token.FileSet, any, map[ast.Node]int) ( error) { // print node := newPrinter(, , ) defer .free() if = .printNode(); != nil { return } // print outstanding comments .impliedSemi = false // EOF acts like a newline .flush(token.Position{Offset: infinity, Line: infinity}, token.EOF) // output is buffered in p.output now. // fix //go:build and // +build comments if needed. .fixGoBuildLines() // redirect output through a trimmer to eliminate trailing whitespace // (Input to a tabwriter must be untrimmed since trailing tabs provide // formatting information. The tabwriter could provide trimming // functionality but no tabwriter is used when RawFormat is set.) = &trimmer{output: } // redirect output through a tabwriter if necessary if .Mode&RawFormat == 0 { := .Tabwidth := byte('\t') if .Mode&UseSpaces != 0 { = ' ' } := tabwriter.DiscardEmptyColumns if .Mode&TabIndent != 0 { = 0 |= tabwriter.TabIndent } = tabwriter.NewWriter(, , .Tabwidth, 1, , ) } // write printer result via tabwriter/trimmer to output if _, = .Write(.output); != nil { return } // flush tabwriter, if any if , := .(*tabwriter.Writer); != nil { = .Flush() } return } // A CommentedNode bundles an AST node and corresponding comments. // It may be provided as argument to any of the [Fprint] functions. type CommentedNode struct { Node any // *ast.File, or ast.Expr, ast.Decl, ast.Spec, or ast.Stmt Comments []*ast.CommentGroup } // Fprint "pretty-prints" an AST node to output for a given configuration cfg. // Position information is interpreted relative to the file set fset. // The node type must be *[ast.File], *[CommentedNode], [][ast.Decl], [][ast.Stmt], // or assignment-compatible to [ast.Expr], [ast.Decl], [ast.Spec], or [ast.Stmt]. func ( *Config) ( io.Writer, *token.FileSet, any) error { return .fprint(, , , make(map[ast.Node]int)) } // Fprint "pretty-prints" an AST node to output. // It calls [Config.Fprint] with default settings. // Note that gofmt uses tabs for indentation but spaces for alignment; // use format.Node (package go/format) for output that matches gofmt. func ( io.Writer, *token.FileSet, any) error { return (&Config{Tabwidth: 8}).Fprint(, , ) }