Source File
	lfstack.go

Belonging Package
	runtime

// Copyright 2012 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// Lock-free stack.

package runtime

import (
	"internal/runtime/atomic"
	"unsafe"
)

// lfstack is the head of a lock-free stack.
//
// The zero value of lfstack is an empty list.
//
// This stack is intrusive. Nodes must embed lfnode as the first field.
//
// The stack does not keep GC-visible pointers to nodes, so the caller
// must ensure the nodes are allocated outside the Go heap.
type lfstack uint64

func (head *lfstack) push(node *lfnode) {
	node.pushcnt++
	new := lfstackPack(node, node.pushcnt)
	for {
		old := atomic.Load64((*uint64)(head))
		node.next = old
		if atomic.Cas64((*uint64)(head), old, new) {
			break
		}
	}
}

func (head *lfstack) pop() unsafe.Pointer {
	var backoff uint32
	// TODO: tweak backoff parameters on other architectures.
	if GOARCH == "arm64" {
		backoff = 128
	}
	for {
		old := atomic.Load64((*uint64)(head))
		if old == 0 {
			return nil
		}
		node := lfstackUnpack(old)
		next := atomic.Load64(&node.next)
		if atomic.Cas64((*uint64)(head), old, next) {
			return unsafe.Pointer(node)
		}

		// Use a backoff approach to reduce demand to the shared memory location
		// decreases memory contention and allows for other threads to make quicker
		// progress.
		// Read more in this Arm blog post:
		// https://community.arm.com/arm-community-blogs/b/architectures-and-processors-blog/posts/multi-threaded-applications-arm
		procyield(backoff)
		// Increase backoff time.
		backoff += backoff / 2

	}
}

func (head *lfstack) empty() bool {
	return atomic.Load64((*uint64)(head)) == 0
}

// lfnodeValidate panics if node is not a valid address for use with
// lfstack.push. This only needs to be called when node is allocated.
func lfnodeValidate(node *lfnode) {
	if base, _, _ := findObject(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(node)), 0, 0); base != 0 {
		throw("lfstack node allocated from the heap")
	}
	lfstackPack(node, ^uintptr(0))
}

func lfstackPack(node *lfnode, cnt uintptr) uint64 {
	return uint64(taggedPointerPack(unsafe.Pointer(node), cnt&(1<<tagBits-1)))
}

func lfstackUnpack(val uint64) *lfnode {
	return (*lfnode)(taggedPointer(val).pointer())
}

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